Applications
- medicine, industry, cold pasteurization, security etc
- Energy production, accelerator driven system
History
- Electrostatic accelerators
- Like a CRT!
- van de graaff
- LINACs
- Able to use AC current to accelerate particles. Use drift tubes to prevent them slowing down
- Cyclotron
- higher energies than linac
- Synchrotron
- Constant radius
- RF cavities accelerate the beam
- Dipole magnets bend the beam
- Quadrupole magnets focus the beam
- This forms a collider, two beams are maintained. When the beams are collided the energy is double.
Accelerators and perfomance indicators
- Energy, Beam intensity, and Beam emittance (size)
- Colliders - high energy physics
- we are interested in luminosity, or event production rate
- Spallation sources - target experiments. SNS, ORNL
- Average beam power
- Continuous beam
- Synchrotron radiation sources - spectroscopy ESRF
- Brightness / photon density
The CERN accelerator complex
- mostly synchrotrons lol
Synchrotrons
- We need to control the beam to
- Enable long storage times
- Preserve beam quality
- These can be achieved by focusing
- Phase → RF Cavities
- AC current causes particles to bunch
- Weak
- While the effect of gravity is negligible compared to the magnets, the long storage times of 10-20hs means it adds up
- Strong
- Phase → RF Cavities